Hyena coprolites from a diachronic series of archaeological sites in Israel were examined and compared with recent fecal material from striped hyena dens and zoos. Three methods were applied in the analysis of all samples: gross morphometrical attributes, x-ray diffraction and petrological thin sections. This last method is an innovation in the field of coprolite studies and facilitates the long-term preservation of the original textural characteristics and fabric of sections of the coprolite. The combination of these three approaches facilitated, among other things, the assessment of hyena diet and of local environmental factors affecting the composition of the coprolite; we also obtained some indication of changes related to aging of the material.