<i>Cyperus papyrus</i> is virtually extinct in Egypt. Responsible factors are cited and other locations where the plant now flourishes are indicated. Nonpaper uses of papyrus are surveyed: the papyrus boat; papyrus cordage and cable for monumental construction; food (poor in overall nutritional quality) sails, blankets and other domestic ware; medicinal applications; and firewood (roots are burned). A method is described for the manufacture of paper from papyrus. Inks of carbon and red ocher mixed with gum and water have traditionally been used on papyrus.