Haniwa are pottery shaped in human, animal or cylindrical shapes. They were arranged around the ancient tombs of noblemen. The reason why the Haniwas were arranged around the ancient tombs and the location where they were made have not been thoroughly studied in both archaeology and the ancient history of Japan. The authors attempt to determine by chemical methods the provenance of the Haniwas excavated from the ancient tomb sites. X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses were made on the Haniwas excavated from the five kiln sites which were found in Osaka prefecture. It was found that they could be mutually discriminated by the indicators such as Rb, Sr and Na. This result was applied to determine the provenance of the Haniwas excavated from several tomb sites in Osaka prefecture. It was clear that the Haniwas of the Imashirozuka, Hirugamikurumazuka and Keitairyo tomb sites were made at the Shinike Kiln site in the local Takatsuki city, but those of the Benitakeyama tomb site were transported from the Kondahakucho kiln site at the distance of about 40 kilometers. The Haniwas of the Ninkenryo Tomb site were also transported from the Umemachi Kiln site about 10 kilometers away. Therefore, it was found that the Haniwas were not necessarily made near the tomb site, but at the kiln sites far away from the tomb site.