An account is given of the examination of the polychromed sculpture in the Herlin altarpiece (1466) in Rothenburg O.D.T. (West Germany). Analytical methods used, such as microscopy, wet chemical analysis, infrared spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography are briefly described. Criteria for identification are summarized. Pigments identified are azurite, indigo, verdigris, green earth, madder, vermilion, red lead, lead white and carbon black. The binding medium is glue in matt areas. In other parts paints are mostly based on a resinous medium with varying amounts of oil. The materials identified in the appliqué relief brocades are compared with recipes described in the <i>Liber Illuministarius from Tegernsee. Silver foil is used in producing translucent paint.