31994
Author
Kubota, Kurao
Title Of Journal Book
Kinzoku Hakubutsukan kiyo = Bulletin of the Metals Museum
Volume
15
Pages
78-87
Collation
9 figs.
Reference Bibliography
bibliog.
ISSN
0285-8452
Language Of Text
Japanese
Language Of Summary
English
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
The birthplace of the Iron Age has not yet been established. Some historians insist that the first ironmaking land was the Hittite Empire, now Turkey. However, ironware which belongs to the 3rd millennium BC was found at some sites in Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. An iron fragment was found in the gap of a stone wall of a pyramid which belongs to the 3rd millennium BC. Some of the metals contain 4-8% nickel and are, mostly, presumed to have been made by forging meteor iron. There are very few cases in which man fabricated ironware by heating iron ore into reduced iron lumps. In this respect, some Hittite clay tablets were recovered which describe commercial transactions of manmade iron as well as ironware made from meteor iron. It is presumed that a burgeoning period of primitive iron smelting techniques set in between the 19th and 18th centuries BC. The Hittite Empire seems to have created the iron-smelting techniques around the 19th-18th centuries BC. After the collapse of the Hittite Empire, this technique was diffused to the East by the nomads. The author traveled the Silk Road from the Caucasus to the Korean peninsula recently, studying ironware cultures along the road. In this report, the author tries to explain how the iron culture was transmitted from the West to the Far EastmJapan.
Keywords
Iron Age;metallurgy;Turkey;Iran;Iraq;Egypt;Hittite; 3rd millennium BC; 19th-18th centuries BC;nickel;Silk Road;meteor; smelting;diffusion
pub_id
31994
Title Translation
Silk Road as iron road