Basic tools and techniques vary little from one ivory working center to another, be it Japan, China or India. Leaf and band saws are thin and fine. Tool kits include paring and finishing knives, rasps, files; triangular, rat-tail and flat, drills used with drill-bows, small hammers, compasses and rabetting plane irons. To begin, determine the solid part of the tusk and saw to desired length. Remove outside enamel and procede with design implementation. Recipes for whitening ivory include chloride of lime and water and crystallized salt followed by sodium sulphate mixed with sodium acid. Ivory is softened by phosphoric acid for bending. Polishing is accomplished with abrasive paper, pumice and rouge. Reds for staining include cinnabar, Brazil-wood extract, cochineal, red lead, and red ocher, blue; azurite, lapis lazuli and indigo, green; malachite, yellow; orpiment, realgar, gamboge and yellow ocher, black; lamp black. This describes some ivory working techniques (tools) and finishing processes.