An analytical method using pyrolysis and gas chromatography is proposed for the identification of microsamples of varnishes and binding media made with synthetic polymers. Standard conditions of analysis of vinylic, acrylic, methacrylic, and ketonic polymers and copolymers are set up and presented. This study of basic materials is then used for the characterization of some varnishes and binding media developed by specialized manufacturers for painters and restorers. Results show the interest of such analysis; it can give painters and restorers a way of controlling the nature and quality of the products they use.