Permanency of paper was not questioned seriously until only recently when modern paper showed signs of excessive deterioration. In a relatively short time the technology was developed and standards were set for modern paper with specific, predictable permanency properties. Today, permanent paper is readily available and is competitively priced. Moreover, the alkaline papermaking process that is required for the manufacture of permanent paper is proving to some manufacturers to be more efficient in terms of costs, corrosion of equipment, and pollution control.