Ionizing radiation has been used in the Museum of Central Bohemia since 1982 and the irradiation chamber is the first facility being used exclusively for the purpose of preservation of the cultural heritage. The method is based on the application of gamma radiation for fumigation of the collection objects made of wood and other organic materials. The performance of the irradiation source of cobalt isotope ⁶⁰Co with activity of about 150 TBq is in gamma radiation 1.25 MeV. The applied insecticidal dose of 500 Gy completely destroys insects in all the stages of their life. Recently, irradiation in the radiation chamber has been utilized at low doses for the conservation of paper attacked by fungi and as a means of inducing polymerization during consolidation procedures.