The author makes a case for modern methods of analysis of prehistoric rupestral coloring agents, specifically various forms of spectrometric techniques, which, unlike other methods are basically non-destructive. He defines what constitutes refined knowledge of a coloring agent: the composition, method of production and mix of colorants as created by prehistoric man. He proposes foundations for conclusions based on analytical results. Finally, the author offers a basic understanding of spectrometry as it interacts at the atomic level with components of coloring agents and describes three basic complementary techniques by which analytical results can be obtained: X-ray diffractometry, X-Ray fluorescence spectral analysis, and Moessbauer spectrometry (gamma rays). He further mentions other techniques, particularly infra- red spectrometry to study organic components of the coloring agents and scanning to determine the shape of powder grains.