The variety of information gained using EBSD analysis is vast: evaluation of grain size; analysis of the shape, distribution, size, boundary, deformation, orientation and identification of phases, inclusions, carbides and precipitates. The described examples in this Application Note illustrate some of the applications of EBSD analysis of ferrous metals. The EBSD technique is applied for many other specific analyses of specimens from this material group, for instance: evaluation of sigma phase in high alloyed steels, inclusion rating in steels, evaluation of retained ferrite and austenite measurement in steels. Whatever the purpose of an EBSD analysis, it requires a specific, careful preparation of specimens and specific solutions to ease handling of specimens by mounting or using some clamping devices, as the specimen’s size is limited by the capacity of the SEM chamber. For a successful mechanical polishing, it is suggested that: - coarse abrasives for plane grinding are avoided. - fine grinding and polishing, with diamond abrasive, should be thorough in order to remove all deformation from plane grinding. - a final oxide polish with colloidal silica is carried out to provide a nearly deformation free surface. Electrolytic polishing, which gives a deformation free surface, is a fast and good preparation technique for homogeneous ferrous metals. Suitable mechanical and electrolytical metallographic preparation processes of ferrous metals for Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis are described. For optimal results, a combination of both preparation techniques, combined with good laboratory practices, a thorough cleaning and proper protection of prepared surfaces are recommended.