Newly built museums in Japan are customarily inspected before opening from the perspective of conservation procedures. Various kinds of organisms which are responsible for damage of cultural properties are described. Harmful insects found in repositories and museums in Japan include the longhorned beetle, <i>Lyctus brunneus Stephens, wood-boring beetle, <i>Anthrenus verv assi L., Attagenus Japonicus Reitter, <i>Tinea pellionella L., <i>Tineola biselliella Hummel, Trichophaga tapetiella L., Blattidae and Lepismatidae. Harmful fungi found include <i>penicillium spp., <i>Trichoderma spp. and <i>Aspergillus spp. The authors recommend the following countermeasures: Wooden materials for exhibition cases and the like must be fumigated before use with methylene bromide. Flooring used in the basement must be treated with insecticides and fungicides of low toxicity. Suitable insecticides include chlordane, phoxin, monochloronaphthalene, Permethrin, etc. -- AATA