In this study, X - ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X - ray diffraction microscopy were employed to determine the elements in pigments applied to colored Tang Dynasty pottery figurines at the Shenzhen Museum. The results show that the red pigments are cinnabar (HgS) and red lead (Pb3O4) , the black pigment is Carbon black (C) , and the white pigments are white lead (2PbCO3 • Pb (OH)2 )and kaolin (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and others. These results were compared with those of comparable colored pottery figures from Shaanxi province. These results also showed that the pigments used for these figurines and those from several areas in Shaanxi are the same. Based on these studies and current condition of the figurines, the figurines were conserved following the conservation rule of minimal intervention. The figurine surfaces were cleaned, broken parts were reassembled and glued together and missing parts were recreated. In this way, the original looks of these figurines were recovered. The conservation results are satisfactory.