In order to study the influence of environment on the deterioration of historical sandstone, the sandstone of Xi - Huang Temple in Beijing, China, and of Chau Say Tevoda in AnKorin, Cambodia, were selected as research subjects. This research focused on four sandstone exfoliation characteristics: shape, physical properties, chemical components, and microstructure change. The research also analyzed the exfoliation mechanism based on stone characteristics and its environment. It is concluded that exfoliation of the sandstone of Chau Say Tevoda is more serious than that of Xi Huang Temple for three reasons: the first is that the sandstone of Chau Say Tevoda is of a type that deteriorates more easily than the sandstone of Xi - Huang Temple; the second is that the annual average precipitation of Siem Reap is much higher than that of Beijing; the third is that the biological activity at Siem Reap is more active than that at Beijing. The testing methods used here and sandstone exfoliation mechanism described will serve as a reference for similar studies.