Historical seismicity in Spain is a quick flicking of the whole geological reality. The recent historical time (20th century) barely shows a few and isolates destructive earthquakes, whereas the Quaternary geological history (last 2.5 Ma), shows evidence of larger and more destructive earthquakes. These geological evidence could point out areas of high seismic-hazard even the size of the earthquake (energy releasing), though time prediction is not possible so far. In this work, we introduce a novel technique which addresses the recognition of hidden earthquakes (not included in the official catalogs), from structural ancient deformations affecting monument buildings of the Spanish Patrimony (i.e. cathedrals). This technique is so-called archaeoseismology . Here, we developed a comprehensive classification of Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAE) affecting ancient buildings both during a coseismic shaking (the ground motion) as due to permanent ground deformation, showing several examples from historical and instrumental earthquakes in Spain (the Earthquake of Lisbon, 1755 and the earthquake of Lorca, 11th of May, 2011). We have applied the geological structural analysis with the aim to calculate the strain tensor and oriented damage related with the seismic wave movement. As a preliminary conclusion, we suggest that there is a relationship between the seismic shake direction and the oriented damage affecting monumental buildings.