The antique buildings that we now hold as monuments were constructed during epochs in which fossil fuels were not used as energy sources. For centuries, these buildings accomplished their tasks utilising only renewable energy sources. A contemporary method of restoration should stay true to the spirit with which the building was constructed. In projects that deal with the restructuring of energy systems, we must aim to reach modern standards of comfort in relation to temperature, acoustics and luminousity standards while keeping the production of harmful CO² gases to a minimum. The Scompiglio estate is composed of the main villa, dating from the 17th century, gardens spanning about five hectares, eight auxiliary buildings and a 160 hectares of land with olive groves, vineyards, wooded foothills, mountainous areas, vegetables gardens and orchards. The main villa is a registered (listed) historical building according to Italian conservation laws. The whole property is a conservation area with historic, architectural and natural interest. The property was transformed, in 2003, into a research project with the goals of conservation and rehabilitation of the ancient agricultural uses and restoration of the buildings for residential use and as a setting for a cultural center that promotes the arts. The main focus of the project has been environmental sustainability. All materials used are natural and bio-compatible and most of them come from local factories. The energy demand for each building is minimized and modifications were made with constant consideration for the preservation of their historic value. The goal of the project has been to make the estate self-sufficient using only renewable energy sources. A photovoltaic system produces electrical energy. Thermal energy for heating and hot water is produced by a centralized system using a wood chip heater. The energy cycle is fully supplied by pruning and regular forest maintenance and is C02-neutral.