Elhylenle oxide (epoxyethane), methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride are the main fumigants for cultural heritage. As bacteriocide and pesticide, they are all satisfactory. Nevertheless, the safety of fumigant must be regarded whether in or after fumigating. In this paper, the relationship between fumigant and the pollution of environment is discussed, including physical and chemical properties, the toxicity and the rationale of toxication, the residual of fumigant, the variation of the fumigated materials and the waste gas pollution control. By means of experimental comparison, investigation and dissection, the safety and applicability of the fumigant for cultural heritage is estimated. -- MCI