Scanning electron microscopy was used in a study of consolidation treatments for archaeological wooden objects. The surfaces of Egyptian artifacts (Dynasty XII, circa 1991-1786 B.C.) were examined for evidence of deterioration prior to consolidation with paraffin wax (a typical field treatment). The wood's microstructure was reexamined after consolidation. The distribution of wax and of acrylic resin consolidants were observed, as well as the success of removal by solvent. Examination before consolidation revealed mechanical, structural and microbiological deterioration. After wax consolidation microstructure was obscured and surface appearance was altered. Solvent extraction of wax was incomplete. Damage to microstructure was observed when solvent alone was used. -- AATA