Seventeen species of wasps (Hymenoptera) and termites (Isoptera) nesting in rock shelters in the Kakadu region are identified. Their nesting activities are studied with special reference to the biological factors controlling the selection of nesting sites, and regulating population levels. The species that represent significant threats to Aboriginal rock art are indicated. Trials were made to test the effectiveness of the pest strip containing dichlorvos, an organophosphate, and the 2% chlordane emulsifiable concentrate spray. A discussion presents comments on nest building, seasonal activity, biological and mechanical means of control. The conclusion reached is that several years are available for conservation programs to be developed due to the slow rate of accretion of mud nests. -- AATA