This review of the technology and social history of iron production in colonial Virginia was prepared from an unpublished monograph by Harold B. Gill Jr. Early attempts in 1607 by the British to establish an iron industry at Jamestown failed. By 1732 iron mining and blast furnaces were located in Virginia at Tubal, Fredericksville, Massaponax and Accokeek. Production consisted of cast iron sows and pigs for export. In 1733 wrought iron was produced for toolmaking and forges manufacture bar iron and plantation supplies. Production met local demands for bar iron for farm tools and iron works for wagons, mills and ships. Most of the smithing was carried out on plantations by farm employees or indentured servants. Despite incentives to attract smiths migration remained low. In 1771 village industries still relied on imported iron goods. Nail and horseshoe production as well as blacksmithing tools are described; the forge, anvil, tongs, hammer and vise. Terms such as annealing, brazing, casehardening, tempering, laying and welding are explained. Names and dates of Blacksmiths in colonial Williamsburg are listed with a description of their establishment. This monograph is useful to the student of History of Technology and for those documenting and examining iron artifacts. ( Abstractor's Note ) Drawings of smithies, tools and nails, some from Diderot's Encyclopaedia are included as well as lists and prices of products from country and village.