All 17 species of conifers and one taxad whose ranges extend into the traditional territories of the Thompson and Lillooet are known and named at a restricted level by these people. Notes are given on the traditional uses as foods, materials (for tools, fuel, fiber, canoes, building etc.) and medicines, and in rituals. Most conifers are of moderate to very high cultural significance in Thompson and Lillooet traditional life, and are still used although to a more limited extent than in the past.