Briefly reviews the application of biochemical, molecular and nuclear analyses to archaeological bone (including teeth, antler and ivory). These include: elemental composition analysis; isotopic studies (strontium, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, uranium, radiocarbon); solid state physics techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL); molecular biochemical techniques such as amino acid racemisation; analysis of biological activity eg. blood group. References.