Etherington believes that traditional methods of book conservation must be studied and assessed so that inferior techniques can be eliminated from the conservator's repertoire. He differentiates standards for techniques and materials from philosophical and ethical judgments. Using several case studies he discusses why the techniques used in conservation binding practices must be chosen with an understanding of the materials and bookbinding techniques of the period in which the book was produced. (Abstractor's note: Most of the paper consists of captions to the slides which accompanied the paper when it was presented in lecture form.) -- AATA