25310
Accession Number
24471
Title Of Article Chaper
Metallographic study of iron artefacts from the eastern Transvaal, South Africa
Title Of Journal Book
Archaeometry
Volume
26
Issue
1
Pages
108-127
Collation
7 tables
Language Of Text
English
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
The microstructures of two adzes, two hoes and a spear point from Iron Age settlement sites in the Kruper National Park have been examined. Electron microprobe analyses of the slag inclusions were also made. Some of the objects are made of high carbon steel while others have a highly variable carbon content. All appear to have been forged at relatively low temperature and then annealed at a low temperature near 700°C. None has been hardened by quenching and tempering. Some of the objects contain only traces of included slag while others have large slag inclusions. The slag compositions are quite different from those of medieval bloomery slags and are representative of African iron smelting practice in the high content of CaO, K<sub>2</sub>O, and Na<sub>2</sub>O. On the basis of the titanium content of the included slag, two of the objects are identified as made of the ore from Rooiwater and one from Phalaborwa ore.
Keywords
Iron, slag inclusion analysis; electron, probe; iron, technology working; iron, history; iron, ore; iron, metallography; iron, corrosion; iron, analysis; artifact, iron examination; ICCROM
pub_id
25310