This entry describes a procedure used for dating fine porcelain. An electron microanalysis is used to determine the composition of kaolin, fespar or quartz. A laser beam removes a tiny specimen and on impacting with electrons from a 30 nanometer electron microprobe, characteristic x-rays are emitted by the trace-elements--such as silicon, aluminum, phosphorous, or calcium.. Stereoscan pictures of the surface fracture of the microfragement show details of glazing and ceramic using back- scattered electrons and secondary electrons.