Conservators are problem solvers. As the solution to any problem usually flows from its definition, the clever bit is to find the right definition. Having identified all the factors involved in a perfect solution, one then has to prioritize these factors and confront the limitations of materials science. But where are these limitations? Are they theoretical? Is it our imagination that cannot reconfigure the definition? Has the technology not been invented? Does the technology exist, but we don’t know about it? Do we know about it, but not trust it? Conservators are frequently without the resources to find, understand, adapt, or apply these technologies — appropriately. Early records of applying technology to adhesion and consolidation are largely derived from the highly literate. The application of new science to objects was applied through the 19th century by scientists. Unfortunately, these ideas were frequently applied widely without the necessary evaluation steps. Conservators are now thinking about adhesion and consolidation in a more systematic manner. The solutions to our problems can be developed only in collaboration with material scientists. Introducing a new technique or material depends on long-term resources. Conservation professionals must cooperate and consult widely to define the most pressing problems.