In the 15th and 16th centuries, urushi artefacts, characterized by unique decorative expression, were being exported through Asia from the Ryukyu kingdom (present day Okinawa). In modern times, these items have for a long time been interpreted as folk craft of the Okinawa islands and only in the past two decades they have begun to receive serious scholarly attention. Many Ryukyu objects are in a state of disrepair and require restoration. A greater understanding of the techniques and materials used is required to restore these items properly. The decorative techniques, restoration and technical analysis of a Ryukyu urushi tray are discussed.