24665
Accession Number
29678
Author
Strandberg, Helena; Johansson, Lars-Gunnar; Rosvall, Jan
Editor
Bridgland, Janet
Author Affiliation
University of Göteborg. Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Göteborg. Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Institute of Conservation : Swedish Institute of Classical Studies in Rome
Title Of Article Chaper
Outdoor bronze sculptures: a conservation view on the examination of the state of preservation
Title Of Journal Book
ICOM committee for conservation, 11th triennial meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-6 September 1996: Preprints
Pages
894-900
Collation
9 b&w figs., 1 table, refs.
Reference Bibliography
7 bibliog. refs.
Publisher
James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd.
Publisher City
London
ISBN
1-873956-50-8
Language Of Text
English
Language Of Summary
English
Literature Type
Monograph : Proceedings
Literature Level
Analytic
Meeting
ICOM Committee for Conservation triennial meeting (11)
Meeting Country
United Kingdom
Abstract
The state of preservation of outdoor bronze sculptures in Göteborg, Sweden, was studied. Fourteen sculptures produced from 1869-1991 were visually inspected, and patina samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction. Patina layers exhibited areas of different color and structure which were classified and described in terms of appearance and composition. The crystalline corrosion products detected included cuprite, antlerite, brochantite, atacamite, paratacamite, and a novel copper hydroxysulfate, Cu<sub>2.5</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub> </sub>O. A greenish hue was discernible on a bronze sculpture after two years of outdoor exposure. Copper hydroxychloride was the first crystalline corrosion product detected after one decade exposure. After three decades the copper hydroxysulfate brochantite was detected and also light-green horizontal areas in combination with vertical streaks. Black crusts were observed on sculptures older than four decades. All sculptures examined retained some parts which revealed the original surface morphology and tool marks. It is proposed that a conservation program for maintenance of new sculptures be prepared.
Keywords
Sculpture; Bronze; Open-air; Deterioration; Corrosion; Analysis; Conservation; Corrosion product; Identification
pub_id
24665
Meeting Date
19960901-19960906