Microscopy was used to determine that photographs by Albert Southworth and by Josaiah Hawes were pictures taken of a modern book; photographs by Ansel Adams and Paul Strand are also being faked. Through visual examination some photograph fakes can be identified: the factors in question include the paper, printing, vision, and separate signatures. A criterion for a photo at least twenty years old is significant deterioration. Brassai, Man Ray, and Eugene Smith photographed their own work when the original negative was lost; determining an original work under these conditions will be nearly impossible. X-ray fluorescence and electron dispersive spectroscopy are useful in the identification of 19th century photographs. Agencies and institutions which perform chemical analyses of photographs are identified. -- AATA