Since 1989, the Musée du Louvre, the Service de Restauration des Musées de France, and the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique have worked in collaboration in a field as yet explored very little, that of gamma radiography of ancient marble statues. Using iridium 192 or cobalt 60, the method enables researchers to study the internal structure of the work. This article reports on the process of gamma radiography, and presents a case study of a crouching Aphrodite (inv. MA 53). It illustrates the contribution of gamma radiography to the history of ancient marble statue restoration and present-day conservation treatments.