Objects kept in cultural heritage collections consist of a vast range of materials, many of biological origin. Recent progress in molecular biology offers new perspectives for the study of ancient biological material transformed by human action. DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction technique is a molecular tool that permits identification of animal species through a genetic approach using very small quantities of material. The present study explains the design of a molecular tool specifically to identify sheep, cows, goats, and pigs. The RNA marker gene is used to identify the animal species from which biological materials transformed by man originate, e.g., cow or sheep cecum and skin used to make parchment and leather.