To know the current status of airborne pollution in Yungang Grottoes, main substantial composition of the deposition of airborne particles is analyzed by means of XRD, SEM(EDAX), and microscope. Then SO2 and the deposited airborne particles were chosen as the variable parameters to make simulation test. The results show that airborne pollutants have both physical and chemical influences on the rock statues so as to make the statue decaying very seriously.