An analysis of the pigments from paintings in Bunjils Cave, a small granite shelter in the Black Range, western Victoria, was undertaken to determine the Aboriginal authenticity of the paintings. Many analyses, including emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infra-red spectroscopy (IRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM and EDS) were conducted. Based on the SEM evidence, the paintings are now believed to have been painted originally by Aborigines using clay-based pigments, with later 'touching up', and addition to motifs using European pigments. Problems with pigment sampling,inconclusive results from the earlier analyses, and consequences of the project, which included avoidable damage to the paintings, illustrate the importance of choosing the appropriate techniques. Also indicated is the need for wide discussion and information exchange in archaeometry and the fact that archaeometry should not be isolated from archaeology. -- AATA