Two items from the Russian naval vessel Estafii which sank off Shetland in 1780, have been examined metallurgically. The cannonball is phosphoric grey cast iron with an unusually fine graphite distribution. The dense and adherenet surface scale is supported and reinforced by the very extensive original phosphide network, which has not corroded. The bar shot, of cast iron reinforced with a wrought iron bar, is of high quality low phophorus grey iron and has corroded extensively. The reinforcing bar had been carburized to a depth of approximately 2 mm.