Most of the Marine Protected Areas of the world were established to protect specific aspects of the natural environment, but only a few to protect cultural resources. Most natural areas will contain some cultural resources and all cultural areas exist in a natural environment. Archeological studies are necessary components of a wide variety of Marine Protected Area activities including planning projects, development projects, protection, maintenance, operations, and interpretation. Archaeological studies also often are undertaken independently, for resource management, preservation, and interpretation. While the management of submerged cultural resources in most Marine Protected Areas is still in the developmental stage, the potential for furthering human understanding and scientific knowledge is great. The same management principles and scientific approaches apply to both resources.