Although insect remains were found in the peaty sediments and plant-bearing muddy sediments of archaeological sites, alsnost no systematic investigation has been made in Japan. Several examples of the author's study of the insect remains found in the neolithic sites atNojiri lake and the site of the Yayoi period in the Itami city near Osaka were given. Special attention to the stenobiotopic insect species clarifies the old types of agriculture and can assist in the restoration of the palaeoenvironment of the ruins. -- AATA