The <i>Adoration of the Magi</i> by Claude Vignon (1593–1670), owned by the Church of Saint-Henri near Quebec City, is a true discovery. Betrayed by a change of format that doubled its size and by crude overpaints, this painting seemed irretrievable. Its conservation treatment, realised at the Centre de conservation du Québec (CCQ), revealed a magnificent work of art. The painting was returned to its original format and its attribution to Claude Vignon was confirmed, as well as its kinship with another painting of the same subject in the Church of Saint- Gervais-Saint-Protais in Paris. The conservation treatment also provided the opportunity to observe the artist’s technique and to carry out scientific analyses at the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI). The painting has a double ground, grey over red, with the red layer containing barium sulphate. It was painted using a rich and vibrant palette, characteristic of the artist early work in Paris in 1623.