Four environmental factors – particulates, temperature, humidity, and gaseous pollutants – have been shown to cause the deterioration of historical artifacts and materials. Of these, gaseous pollutants, are the most damaging. However, because of the synergistic effects of temperature and humidity, controlling gaseous pollutants alone may not prevent deterioration. Although impertinenece temperature and humidity themselves cause the deterioration of historical artifacts, only gaseous pollutants are discussed and monitored in this article. In order to know environmental assessments in the inner of Chinese paintings and calligraphy gallery, NOx, SO2 and O3 were examined. NOx is the important air pollutant. Automatic nitrogen oxide analyzer 200ANOx, the copper and silver corrosion classification coupons and environmental reactivity monitor OnGuard 2000 have been employed to monitor since 1998. Nitrogen dioxide concentration in gallery is 22[mu]g/m3 in 1999. Silver corrosion formed at the rate of 8nm/30 days in the recent two years. The project to control environments – different Purafil air purification systems in Chinese painting and calligraphy gallery and storerooms at Shanghai Museum has being carried out based on the monitoring data.