Chinese ink stick has a long history and has a special importance in Chinese culture. It is essentially a mixture of pine-wood soot or lampblack with glue and other constituents. In combination, kneading, pounding, steaming and rolling are done repetitively and at length to obtain a good product. There were a lot of Chinese ink sticks made during the Ming and Qing dynasties which are unique and beautiful. However, some of them cracked and broke into pieces or went moldy, and lost their original value. It is very urgent to solve these problems. According to experiments, it can be known that it is very dangerous to Chinese ink sticks and it is broken down easily by alternate variations of RH, drying, moistness and mould. Relative humidity changes in turn make ink sticks expand and contract alternately. This hastens warping and cracking of the ink stick. Drying makes the protein glue in Chinese ink denatured, fragile and hard, and moisture makes glue lose its adhesion with carbon powder and protein and makes the ink stick warped and cracked, and microorganisms can easily grow and deterioration, which brings about biodeterioration. Biodeterioration makes Chinese ink lost its character, which is hard as stone, if it was mildewed that the surface was very loose and crisscrossed by ravines. Degradation of Chinese ink is also found that it concern with its making technique. Although SEM photo shows the surface of the ink was very compact and solid, it also had a few pores, which were not well pounded. The water molecular could store in the pores, and easily cause expansion and microorganism to grow. From the photos, the combustion carbon of Chinese ink can be shown to be well distributed and mixed closely with protein glue because of pounding thousands of times in Chinese ink sticks making, and can only be obtained good products. According to FTIR spectra recording the mildewed sample and control, there was a relative decrease in the two peaks in the region where amino acids are known to absorb (1660-1590cm-1, 1550-1485cm-1). These changes in the spectra would support the hypothesis that mould makes protein glue degraded or hydrolytic or that the microorganism produced the product during growth. Expansion of the ink stick is not only a simply hygroscopic process, it also involves chemical changes and biodeterioration. Deoxygenating and filling with nitrogen are used to prevent ink sticks from moulding. Shanghai is situated on the east coast of China. The humidity usually remain about 65% RH for the whole year and over 80% RH in the wettest months. However, sometimes air of lower RH can also be observed. The range of RH fluctuation is very wide in Shanghai. Even if RH is steady, the humidity will change with the temperature under relative sealed circumstances. The weather conditions are harmful to the conservation of Chinese ink because of the high or low humidity and fluctuating RH. Biological, chemical and physical deterioration caused by high RH or variation in RH is the main problem of conservation of ink sticks. The solution depends on the stabilization of humidity. A humidity controlling agent is the most practical solution for stabilizing humidity of individual boxes and showcases. It is effective to use humidity controlling materials for the conservation of Chinese ink sticks.