Consolidating and drying of waterlogged archaeological artifacts is the main branch of conservation. In order to prevent shrinkage and collapse of structure caused by drying stresses, the method of impregnation with consolidants is adopted traditionally. There are longtime for the structure of treated sample to be filled by agents, also the structure will be probable to be damaged during drying because of the existence of surface tension. This paper reviewed the traditional methods and its shortages, on the basis of this, the paper introduced the supercritical fluid and its properties and applications in recent years, mainly described the theory of the technique of supercritical drying applied in dehydration of waterlogged archaeological artifacts. The technique of supercritical drying use the property of that gas can’t be liquefied when the temperature is controlled above critical point, it avoids the problems associated with the phase changes encountered in the other methods. Compared to traditional method, the supercritical technique has many advantages including that prolonged pretreatment are avoided and that no drying stressed are encountered. Besides the paper also introduced the actual application of this technique in consolidating archaeological artifacts abroad. Some experiment equipment, operating condition and result are mentioned.