When a Ming tomb, about six hundred years ago, was excavated in Baoshan district of Shanghai in 2001, a pile of books found in this tomb. They were soaked in the water. When taken out of the tomb, it gave off an unbearable stink. They were stuck together and waterlogged. The abundance of microorganisms may occur after flooding. These books can be subjected to the infection of different microorganisms during the burying in soil. The bacteria also exist in the flooded book, besides fungi, since their development requires high moisture content. A few days later, the moulds grow flourishingly all over the books even though the cold storage adopted. In paper, these microorganisms will produce colored spots on the paper and decompose the cellulose intensely. So it is necessary to sanitize the books immediately, otherwise the paper may be destroyed by these microorganisms. They not only deteriorate the book but it is also dangerous to the health of men. Although there are a lot of biocides, there is not many that can be used to disinfect these excavated books. For the immediate killing of microorganisms, ethylene oxide seems to be the most suitable. It does not change the acidity of the paper and not decrease its mechanical properties. In recent years, the use of ethylene oxide has come into question due to the safety concern. Ethylene oxide is a potential carcinogen and its residue held by the lipids, fat, solid book after fumigation. Disinfection with ethylene oxide of books requires expensive vacuum chamber, which is not available in our laboratory. Ethanol has also become an important chemical sanitizer among paper conservators in controlling and dealing with fungal attack during the last ten to fifteen years, but for its actual effectiveness, there are two different and even contradictory statements. The vitality of the microorganisms on the excavated book was tested. The fragments of books treated twenty-four hours; and fungi obtained from the excavated book, which is flourishing re-cultured on medium, treating in 75% ethanol for 2,4,24h, and for testing the sterilization effect of ethanol. According to the experiment, ethanol can not only kill bacteria and fungal but can also remove some putrefied matter adhered to these books at same time. The ethanol as a disinfectant was selected. Although the partly putrefied matter adhered to these books can be dissolved in ethanol, the books are still stuck and the odor can not be removed. Due to the dissolution, all of the fatty-like organic matter can not be dissolved in ethanol. It is necessary to select the other suitable solvent. Acetone can dissolve fat, oils, waxes and resins, etc. Using acetone treat the book time after time, all the adhering matter gradually dissolved. At last, the paper of these solid books detached from page to page. The dehydration of the books succeed along with volatilization of acetone at the same time. The books became smooth and no rumple. The unbearable stink dispelled from the books by cleaning with acetone. The residue of odor examined analyzed by gas chromatograph.