Peacock green, sprinkle blue and melon green glazed porcelain have not been investigated scientifically due to lack of real object samples. However, recent archaeological excavations in the Jindezhen Ming Dynasty royal porcelain site have yielded a great number of related research materials. In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of peacock green, sprinkle blue and melon green glazed porcelains and to provide information for their future protection, the samples dated to Xuande era of the Ming Dynasty from the Jingdezhen royal porcelain site have been analyzed microscopically, and by LA-ICP-AES, EDXRF and SEM. The surface morphology, corrosion phenomenon, glaze composition and elementary distribution have been analyzed. A makeup layer between the porcelain glaze and body was found and its composition characteristics are reported. In addition, processing of those highly alkaline porcelains, features of their glazes and corrosion mechanism are discussed.