Since its genesis Cultural Heritage suffers more or less evident alterations depending on degradation factors. The 16th century panel “Visitation” by Thomas Luis was no exception. It tolerated modifications in its physical, chemical, historical and aesthetic integrity over four centuries, under the environmental, biological and human factors, but mainly the latter. This article is divided in three parts. In the first part, we highlight the pathology leaching present in the mentioned case study. In the second, based on scientific analysis we intend to identify, the historic context in which such damage occurred. In the last part, with the goal of avoiding conservation and restoration problems, we propose awareness directives for artwork owners, students of conservation-restoration, curators, art historians, architects and the general public to avoid conservation problems, including several actions: updating education contents regarding Conservation and Restoration and the value of an interdisciplinary approach; inspection and assistance.