In 1937 the author of this paper examined and identified a number of specimens of pigments from the Agora while serving as a chemist of the excavation staff. These were substantial specimens or small remains of bulk pigments found in the vessels, or the remains of the vessels in which these pigments had been stored or in which they had been mixed for application. This paper is a summary of the most interesting and significant results of analysis. The following pigments were analyzed: Blue frit, artificial calcium copper silicate; several forms of red ocher; cinnabar, natural mercuric sulfide; white lead, artificial basic lead carbonate; chalk, impure calcium carbonate; and, yellow ocher diluted with chalk. Few pigments were in use, and of these only a small proportion were prepared by any chemical process. This indicates the primitive state of chemical technology in ancient Greece. Certain of the pigments used there in ancient times are still among the most widely used and valued of all pigments, notably white lead and the iron ochers.