The current status of the analysis of dyes in Oriental carpets is reviewed. It is possible to distinguish between natural and synthetic dyes using less than one milligram of fiber. In the author's experience, no chromatographic method is suitable for distinguishing between lac and cochineal, although a spectrographic technique has been developed which gives good results. This is described in detail. Yellow flavonol dyes (e.g., quercitin and kaempferol) can only be distinguished by thinlayer chromatography, but this has not helped to identify plants which can yield both compounds. Weld, which has been found mainly in Persian carpets, is less difficult to identify. Recent experiences with the analysis of azo dyes (mainly in Turkoman carpets) are discussed. -- AATA