The Library of Congress is the repository of a collection of seventeenth-century papers relating to the Virginia Company of London. The papers came into the collection of Thomas Jefferson in the eighteenth-century. His notes allude to their poor physical condition and the treatment he arranged for them. The papers were again treated in the early twentieth-century by the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, a process which included silking many of the sheets. When the collection was re-examined by the Conservation Division in the 1990s, it was found to be in need of considerable attention. The silked leaves had become yellow and brittle and those which were once bound, loose and fragile. Untreated leaves were in a state of advanced deterioration due to prolonged storage in damp conditions. Many of the papers were riddled with holes caused by acid ink which had feathered in high humidity. Current treatment includes undoing the silking restoration treatment, using enzymes in a partially non-aqueous solution, washing in water/ethanol and deacidification using magnesium bicarbonate in a water/ethanol solution. New treatment protocols have been developed for each step of the project and information about the ability of papers to absorb alkaline reserve in non-aqueous solutions has been revealed. The leaves are being leafcast with an ethanol resist to avoid loss of ink and reinforced with Gossamer tissue coated with Klucel-G. The final housing of the material involved design of a new structure which addresses the physical needs of the paper while allowing for their use in scholarly research.