Twelve samples of lime plaster were examined, including a white incrustation on vessels and religious tables, and the contents of a large vessel filled with the white substance. These materials are from Tell Samovodene, Bulgaria, which was inhabited during the Neolithic period, 5750-5400 BC. Crystal optical analysis, x-ray diffraction, emission spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used in the analysis. It was established that the white contents of the vessel consisted of slaked lime which had been carbonized in antiquity. The white incrustation was shown to be a lime plaster, composed of slaked lime and quartz. The investigation of the kiln, found on the periphery of the Tell, continues preliminary data suggest the kiln was used for lime burning.