In order to identify the natural organic materials used in cultural relics, the confocal micro-Raman spectra of ancient known protein, polysaccharide, fatty acid and resin materials were obtained. Based on the Raman spectra of animal skin glue, peach tree gum glue, carnauba wax and Dammar tree resin, it was deduced that the peaks at 1657cm-1, 1305 cm-1 ~ 1252cm-1, 1033cm-1 and 1003cm-1 are characteristic of proteins; the peaks at 1463cm-1, 1328cm-1, 1258cm-1, 1088cm-1, 977cm-1 are those of polysaccharides; the peaks at 1470cm-1 ~ 1350cm-1, 1659cm-1, 1303cm-1, 1636cm-1, 1610cm-1 are those of wax; and the peaks of 1660cm-1 ~ 1650cm-1, 1460cm-1 ~1440cm-1 are the features of resin. Based on these Raman spectra, it is suggested that natural organic materials can be identified by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy.