Naphthalene is a volatile solid that often has been used as a pesticide to treat artifacts, particularly ethnographic material, and natural history collections. Naphthalene residues pose an ongoing health risk in museums and to communities that receive contaminated artifacts through cultural repatriation. The Museum of the American Indian disposed of its supply of “moth flakes” in 1985, but noxious residues remain on collections. It has been demonstrated that naphthalene vapors become stronger in humid air, which increases the potential health risk. A method for quantifying naphthalene vapor concentrations using SPME-GC/FID is presented, and the relationship between naphthalene, water vapor, and textile fibers is explored as a step in the development of a treatment to remediate the pesticide residues.