This paper describes the object, as well as its conservation and restoration treatment. The Madonna with the Little Bird is one of the oldest paintings preserved in Cuzco; it is also very significant as an Andean viceroyal painting. It was painted by the Jesuit priest Bernardo Bitti (1548-1610), a mannerist italian artist who painted around the cities of Lima, Cuzco, Juli, La Paz, Potosí, La Plata and Arequipa, from 1575-1610. This painting on wooden board suffered serious damage shortly after being completed, but its quality prevented it from being discarded; instead, it underwent successive interventions until very recent times. Fire damage and the problems of at least four coats of paint are described, while treatment options and applied procedures are defined. The work pursued two objectives: a revaluation of the object, and a demonstration and training work by the restorers then devoted to the PER-39 Project. It was executed, from 1974 to 1977, in collaboration with visiting specialists and project restorers.